What is top surgery?
Chest masculinization with double-incision, keyhole, or peri-areolar techniques.
What is top surgery?
Chest masculinization with double-incision, keyhole, or peri-areolar techniques.
Also known as
- double incision
- keyhole top surgery
- ftm chest surgery
Quick facts
10,000+
estimated annual US top surgeries (growing rapidly)
95%+
patient satisfaction in published outcome studies
5–15%
revision rate
Common reasons people choose this procedure
Approaches and motivations vary by surgeon and patient anatomy. Compare techniques and real outcomes on the main Top Surgery page.
Alternatives
Chest binding only
Non-surgical option used pre-op or by patients who choose not to have surgery. Long-term binding can cause skin and rib issues.
Stage as keyhole or peri-areolar where eligible
For ideal candidates (smaller chests, good skin elasticity), less invasive techniques produce smaller scars at the cost of being indicated only for specific anatomy.